Alopecia barbae is an autoimmune condition where your hair follicles are attacked by your own body’s immune system, causing patchy hair loss. Hair loss usually occurs in small circular patches, often along the jawline, though you may lose all of your beard hair.
While the exact causes are unknown, often psychological and physical stress are linked to alopecia. Genetics may also play a role as the condition is more common in those related to someone with alopecia, asthma, or allergies.
Having relatives with an autoimmune condition puts you at a higher risk of developing alopecia barbae. These include type 1 diabetes, lupus, and psoriasis. Certain viruses, substances, or medications can also be triggers.